A Watershed Analysis of Long Pond South
Implications for Water Quality and Land-Use Management

Presentation Outline
Introduction – Kristyn Loving
Long Pond South Characteristics - Dave Bethoney
GIS and Land-Use Analysis - Kerry Whittaker
Water Chemistry - Jamie O�Connell
Water Budget and Phosphorus Budget - Claire Thompson
INTERMISSION
Erosion Potential and Erosion Impact - Jessica Harold
Road Survey - Anna Birnberg
Septic and Buffer Survey - Rosalind Becker
Future Projections - Eva Gougian
Summary and Recommendations - Kristyn Loving

Long Pond South Characteristics
Dave Bethoney

Lake Formation
Pleistocene
Glaciers
Southeast movement
Scouring
Granite
Glacial till
Deep hole in lake
From Maine Geological Survey, Bradford M. Cantor

Slide 5
Belgrade Area Fisheries
Prominent Fisheries
Brook Trout
Brown Trout
Landlocked Salmon
Status
Used for recreation
Generally healthy

Fisheries Management
Stocking
Aquaculture
Fry size
Management plans
Fishing
Licensing
Catch and release
Regulations: size, amount, season

Potential Threats
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Declining trend
Salmonid
Deep water fishes
Erosion
Sedimentation
Reduced habitat and spawning areas
Increased phosphorus
Gloeotrichia
Blue-green algae
Phosphorus indicator

Northern Pike
Esox lucius
Actions
Fines
Unregulated fishing
Ice fishing
Non-Native
Problems
Carnivorous
Rapid growth
Long lifespan

Slide 10
Variable-leaf water milfoil
Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Non-native
Problems
Rapid growth
Reproduction
Dense mats
Actions
Fines for transportation
Courtesy Boat Inspectors (CBI)
Milfoil sticker

GIS and Land-Use Analysis
Kerry Whittaker

Long Pond South Land-Use
Land Use Introduction
GIS as an Analysis Tool
Digitizing Land-Use
Land-Use Descriptions
2003 Land-Use Analysis
1966 Land-Use Analysis
Land-Use Changes

What is a GIS?
Four subsystems
Data input
Data storage and retrieval
Data manipulation and analysis
Data output and display

Land-Use Types
Digitizing Land-Use Types
Land-Use 2003
Land-Use 2003
Land-Use Comparison
Land-Use Changes
Water Quality
Jamie O�Connell

Water Quality
Parameters
Physical
Biological
Chemical
14 sample sites
May to September 2007

Physical Tests
Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature
Transparency
Turbidity
True Color

DO and Temperature
Biological importance of DO
DO: 1 ppm and 5 ppm
As temp     , DO
Trend of       DO levels

DO (ppm)
Profile at Site 1
May to September 2007

DO (ppm)
Profile at Site 1
May to September 2007

Transparency
Biological Tests
Chlorophyll-a
Productivity indicator
Increase since 1976

Chlorophyll-a (ppb)
Site 1 profile
May to September 2007

Chlorophyll-a (ppb)
Site 1 profile
May to September 2007

Chemical Tests
pH
Total Phosphorus
Conductivity

pH
Acidic water
Impacts fish reproduction
     solubility of metals
     release of phosphorus
Basic water
Productivity

Long Pond South pH
Trend of increasing pH 1976-2007
1976-1985
pH= 6.8-6.9
2001-2007
pH=7.0-7.2

Total Phosphorus
Limiting nutrient
External inputs and internal loading
Phosphorus budget model

Total Phosphorus
Site 1
Site 2

Water Quality
Long Pond South in good condition
2007 data confirms declining trends
Preventative management

Water Budget and Phosphorus Budget
Claire Thompson

Water Budget and Phosphorus Budget
Water Budget
Inputs
Flushing Rate
Phosphorus Budget
Inputs
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Water Budget Methods
Input
Runoff
Precipitation
Evaporation
Input with Point Sources
Flushing Rate
Total Lake Input/Lake Volume

Water Budget Results
Lake Input
19.9 million m3
Lake Input with PS
169 million m3
Flushing Rate
3.52 flushes per year

Water Inputs
Phosphorus Budget Methods
External Input
Non-point sources
in the watershed
Internal Input

 Non-Point Source Input Within the Watershed
15 Land-Use Types
Export Coefficients
Percent contribution

Runoff from Land-Use Types
Total Phosphorus Loading
Runoff
Point Sources
Sediment Release
Total Phosphorus Loading
759 kg
1,280 kg
324 kg
2,363 kg

Total Phosphorus Loading
Total Phosphorus Concentration
Annual Phosphorus Input
Input from Water Budget
Total Phosphorus
  concentration = 8.9 ppb

Water Budget and Phosphorus Budget Summary
High Flushing Rate
Input from Long Pond North
Total Phosphorus Concentration
Application of model

Intermission