¹Part time.
²On leave full year.
³Administrative vice president.
⁴Resident director, Colby in Cork Program.
⁵College editor.
⁶On leave second semester.
⁷On leave first semester.

The English Department offers literature courses in all periods, genres, and major authors, as well as seminars in particular topics and in broad literary and historical issues. The major in English builds upon the close reading and detailed analysis of literary texts; the investigation of the central political, cultural, and ideological issues occasioned by those texts, particularly issues of race, gender, and class; and the consideration of various critical approaches, methods of inquiry, and strategies of interpretation. There is a creative writing program in both fiction and poetry at the introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels. The department also offers special-topic courses and supervises about 50 independent study projects each year. Committed to interdisciplinary studies, the department encourages team-taught courses with colleagues in other departments. English is one of the most useful majors for those who want to attend professional schools of law, medicine, and business, as well as for those seeking jobs in commerce, industry, and government. Some majors become teachers; some become writers; some go into journalism, library science, or publishing. Students interested in teaching, private and public, are urged to read the "Education" section of the catalogue and to contact a member of the Education Department.

Requirements for the Major in Literature Written in English
English 172, to be taken during the first year, and 271 to be taken sophomore year; four period and genre courses; two studies in special subjects; two additional courses, which may be chosen from advanced courses in English or American literature, creative writing, or literature in other languages or in translation; one additional 300- or 400-level English course; one senior seminar (493). At least three of these courses above the 271 level must be courses in which the major focus is upon literature written in English before 1800 and at least three upon literature written in English after 1800. All choices of advanced courses should be carefully planned with the major advisor, who must approve them. English 151, 214, 278, 279, and 474 do not count toward the major.

The point scale for retention of the major applies to all English courses that may be used to fulfill major requirements. No requirement for the major may be taken satisfactory/unsatisfactory.

Honors in English
Students who meet the prerequisite, define a project, and secure the support of a tutor may elect to take English 483, 484, the Honors Thesis, and, upon successful completion, graduate "With Honors in English."

Students planning to continue the study of English in graduate school should confer with their advisors to be sure that they have planned a substantial and adequate curriculum. They should be proficient in at least one foreign language. Most universities require two languages, and some require a classical language as well. Work in classical or foreign literature, history, philosophy, art, music, and some of the social sciences reinforces preparation in the major and enhances one's chances for success in graduate study.

Requirements for the Concentration in Creative Writing
In addition to the requirements for the literature major, concentrators in Creative Writing must take (1) a sequence of three workshops in one of the two genres offered (fiction--English 278, 378, 478, or poetry--279, 379, 479) and (2) complete a fourth requirement. This fourth requirement may be met in one of the following ways: a repetition of the advanced workshop (English 478 or 479); a workshop in another genre (English 278 for poets, English 279 for fiction writers); other courses in writing, including playwriting (Performing Arts 218) and creative nonfiction (English 380); or an independent study (English 491, 492) or honors project (English 483, 484). The sequence can be completed beginning either in the sophomore or junior year, but because of limited enrollments in the workshops, serious, committed students should elect the concentration as soon as possible, as early as the spring of their first year. First priority for admission to English 278 and 279, the introductory courses in fiction and poetry writing, is given to sophomores. Owing to enrollment pressures, students who do not register for English 278 as sophomores may run the risk of being unable to elect the concentration. Admission to upperclass workshops is by manuscript submission only.

Attention is called to the creative writing minor, open to all majors, under a separate heading in this catalogue.

The department also encourages interdepartmental and interdisciplinary studies and supports the programs in American studies, African-American studies, women's studies, and performing arts.

NOTE: English 271 is prerequisite to enrolling in any 300- or 400-level literature course. American studies majors may substitute American Studies 271.

Course Offerings

[111] Composing in English For students for whom English is a second language. Intensive practice in composing in English with some attention to the requirements of the academic essay. Work on syntax and grammar only as needed. Nongraded. Three credit hours.

112fs Expository Writing Workshop For any student who wants extra work in writing. Taken in conjunction with English 115 or with a writing-emphasis course in another department at any level. Meets as individual tutorial in the Writers' Center. Nongraded. One credit hour. MS. STERLING AND WRITERS' CENTER TUTORS

115fjs English Composition Frequent practice in expository writing to foster clarity of organization and expression in the development of ideas. The assigned reading will vary from section to section, but all sections will discuss student writing. Required for first-year students. Students with an Advanced Placement score of 4 or 5 are exempted. Four credit hours; three credit hours in January. FACULTY

126s Environmental Literature See course description in the "Integrated Studies" section of this catalogue. Enrollment limited. Fulfills the College's composition requirement (English 115). Four credit hours. MR. BURKE

136f Literature in the Post-War Era, 1945-1970 See course description in the "Integrated Studies" section of this catalogue. Fulfills the College's composition requirement (English 115). Enrollment limited. Four credit hours. MR. SWENEY

151j Reading and Writing about Literature Topics, texts, and genres will vary from section to section, but all sections will emphasize close reading, detailed analysis of imaginative literature from different times and cultures, and careful critical writing. Prerequisite: English 115 or exemption. Four credit hours; three credit hours in January. L. FACULTY

172fs Literary Studies "What is literature?" or "When is it literature?" A focus on the students' encounter with the text, the words on the page. Examples of poetry, prose, and drama written in English, from different times and cultures; and work toward developing a basic critical vocabulary for understanding and discussing these different forms of literature. Frequent practice in careful critical writing. Required for English majors; should be taken during the first year. Does not satisfy the College area requirement in literature. Prerequisite: English 115 or exemption. Four credit hours. FACULTY

178s Love, Literature, and Imagination See course description in the "Integrated Studies" section of this catalogue. Enrollment limited. Four credit hours. L. MR. BOYLAN

214s Tutoring Writing Discussion of readings on the process of writing and methods of tutoring. Theory combined with practice in peer review of student papers, mock tutorials, and actual supervised tutorials. Students completing the course may apply for work-study positions in the Writers' Center. Course is offered as needed. Enrollment limited. Nongraded. Prerequisite: Sign up with the instructor in the Writers' Center. Two credit hours. MS. STERLING

271fs Critical Theory The study of selected texts, through close reading and detailed analysis, and the consideration of various critical approaches, methods of inquiry, and strategies of interpretation. English majors should take this course in the sophomore year. Prerequisite: English 172. Four credit hours. L. FACULTY

278fs Creative Writing: Fiction Introduction to the writing of fiction, with emphasis on student manuscripts. Enrollment limited. Prerequisite: English 115. Four credit hours. A. MS. STERLING, MS. WOOD, AND MR. BOYLAN

279fs Creative Writing: Poetry Introduction to the writing of poetry, with emphasis on student manuscripts. Enrollment limited. Prerequisite: English 115. Four credit hours. A. MR. HARRIS

[311] Middle Ages: Medieval Narratives and Cultural Authority The ways in which late medieval narratives create, recreate, and resist the various forms of cultural authority in 14th-century England. An examination of both canonical and noncanonical materials, including romance, sermon literature, chronicles, hagiography, poetic narratives, drama, and an investigation of the historical, social, and material contexts in which these works were written and transmitted. Readings include Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, William Langland, the Pearl poet, Margery Kempe, John Hoccleve, John of Trevisa, and Bromyard; critical skills honed with readings in the historical/cultural/critical traditions of Lee Patterson, Carolyn Dinshaw, Seth Lerer, Paul Strohm, Miri Reuben, and David Aers. Four credit hours. L.

313f Renaissance Poetry A course inquiring into the nature, power, and history of poetry by examining the forms and uses--social, political, religious, personal--of lyric and narrative poetry written in English during the 16th century, especially during the poetically glorious 1580s and 1590s. Analyzing the poems' constructions of voice and their representations of love, desire, mortality, selfhood, faith, and national identity. A study of the period's poetic theory, including important defenses of poetry and the debate about rhyme. Readings in Petrarch, Wyatt, Mary Sidney, Philip Sidney, Marlowe, Spenser, Raleigh, Daniel, Campion, Shakespeare, Donne, and others. Four credit hours. L. MS. SAGASER

314s 17th-Century Poetry A course centering on close reading of both canonical poems (mostly by men) and less canonical poems (mostly by women) written during England's volatile, fascinating 17th century. A rigorous comparison of these texts, charting representations of gender, developments in poetic style, the interrelations of secular and sacred poetic traditions, and the intersections of personal and political concerns. Readings include lyric, narrative, and dramatic poetry by Donne, Jonson, Wroth, Lanyer, Herbert, Marvell, Milton, Philips, and Behn. Four credit hours. L. MS. SAGASER

[315] The Irish Renaissance A study of the major figures of the literary movement that took place in Ireland at the beginning of the century: Yeats, Joyce, Synge, O'Casey. Texts include Yeats's poetry and plays, Joyce's Ulysses, Synge's Playboy of the Western World, and O'Casey's Juno and the Paycock to illustrate the nature and scope of their achievements against the background of Anglo-Irish political turmoil and European cultural transformation. Four credit hours. L.

316s The Restoration The prose, poetry, and drama of 1660-1700, with special emphasis on the works of John Dryden and John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Four credit hours. L. MR. SWENEY

317f The 18th Century I Selected works by writers of the first half of the century, such as Daniel Defoe, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Anne Finch, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and Henry Fielding. Four credit hours. L. MR. SWENEY

318s The 18th Century II Selected works by writers of the second half of the century, such as James Boswell, Samuel Johnson, Hannah More, Tobias Smollett, Laurence Sterne, Jane Austen, Matthew Lewis, William Blake, Edmund Burke, and Anna Laetitia Barbauld. Four credit hours. L. MR. ARCHIBALD

321s The British Romantic Period Between 1789 and 1832, the French overthrew their church and king, and many Britons thought that a similar revolution would happen at home. As old political and religious certainties became unstable, writers sought to replace them with an ideal of imagination, and a newly ambitious project for literature emerged. Readings from this period include poems by Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, and Keats, novels by Austen and Shelley, and essays by Hazlitt and Mill. Four credit hours. L. MR. UNDERWOOD

[323] Victorian Literature I The idea of "culture" in the mid-Victorian period and the social pressures of class, religion, gender, and race that formed and transformed it. Readings include Victorian predecessors such as Walter Scott, novels by Charles Dickens, Emily Brontë, and George Eliot, prose by Thomas Carlyle, J.S. Mill, and Matthew Arnold, and poems by Alfred Tennyson and the Rossettis. Novels, essays, and poems considered as participants in Victorian debates that created "culture" as a political category and helped shape modern literary and cultural criticism. Four credit hours. L.

324f Victorian Literature II The conflict between the elite and an emerging mass culture in later-19th-century British society and culture; how issues raised by colonialism, commodity culture, and emergent socialist and feminist movements shaped that divide. Narrative texts that related the crisis in high-cultural Victorian values to questions of racial and ethnic "otherness," including works by Oscar Wilde, H.G. Wells, George Gissing, Bram Stoker, George Eliot, Rudyard Kipling, and William Morris. Four credit hours. L. MR. SUCHOFF

325s Modern British Fiction The works of Hardy, Joyce, Woolf, Conrad, Forster, and Lawrence framed within the context of the aesthetic tenets and practices of what is called "literary modernism." To what extent does the literature embody the ideas of "spatialization," "dehumanization," and "introversion"? What continuities and paradoxes are implicit in the modernist notions of "subjectivity," "tradition," "time," "history," and "identity," and how can they be explained within the larger historical and social developments of the era--post-agrarian, industrial capitalism, colonialism, and European transculturalism? Readings include novels and critical essays by early modernists, post-war scholars who attempted to map the movement, and contemporary poststructural critics. Four credit hours. L. MR. ROY

326s Modern Irish Poetry The origins, contexts, nature, and achievements of Irish poetry after Yeats. Poets selected from among Louis MacNiece, Austin Clarke, Patrick Kavanagh, Thomas Kinsella, John Montague, Eavan Boland, Medbh McGuckian, Seamus Heaney, Derek Mahon, Michael Longley, Paul Muldoon, Tom Paulin, Eamon Grennan, Ciar'an Carson. Four credit hours. L. MR. ARCHIBALD

327f The Development of Dramatic Art I Listed as Performing Arts 327 (q.v.). Four credit hours. L. MR. SEWELL

328s The Development of Dramatic Art II Listed as Performing Arts 328 (q.v.). Four credit hours. L. MS. WING

333f Modern American Drama, 1920-1970 A survey of American dramatic literature during the modern period with special emphasis on the major playwrights such as O'Neill, Odets, Hellman, Miller, Williams, Albee, Hansberry, and Baraka. Four credit hours. L. MR. BRANCACCIO

338s The American Renaissance I: Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville A close study of the works of these writers in the context of their times. Particular attention to such movements as anti-slavery and women's rights. Four credit hours. L. MR. BRANCACCIO

[339] The American Renaissance II A close reading of the major works of Emerson, Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson with emphasis on the transcendentalists' search for heightened consciousness and the connections between poetic and scientific truth. Four credit hours. L.

341f American Realism and Naturalism Major works by Twain, Howells, James, Crane, Dreiser, and others in the context of American and European traditions of the novel and critical theories of the art and purpose of fiction in American culture. Four credit hours. L. MR. BRANCACCIO

342s American Indian Literature The decades since the '60s have seen a vigorous outpouring of literature from American Indian writers, many of whom merge oral tradition with Western literary forms to create a distinctively native voice. A study of contemporary writers Alexie, Chrystos, Erdrich, Harjo, Red Eagle, Silko, Welch, Young Bear, and others whose work mediates between native and Western values and imaginative forms. Also a study of the sacred stories and oral traditions in which their work is grounded, paying attention to issues of translation and ethnopoetics. Four credit hours. L, D. MS. ONION

343f African-American Literature Particular attention to the much-neglected contributions of African-American women writers such as Jessie Fauset, Nella Larson, and Zora Neale Hurston, leading to a critical understanding of the ways African-American writers in the 19th and 20th centuries have responded artistically to problems inherent in American democracy concerning race, identity, marginality, gender, and class. Interpretive methods that will inform readings by James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Paul Laurence Dunbar, and Chester Himes include formalism, historicism, feminist criticism, and myth criticism. Four credit hours. L, D. MR. BRYANT

345f Modern American Fiction Major works of American fiction since 1920--by Faulkner, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Bellow, O'Connor, Alice Walker, and others--will be analyzed, emphasizing the pattern of experience of the protagonist in conflict with the modern world. Four credit hours. L. MR. BASSETT

348s Postcolonial Literatures The English language presents one of the most interesting paradoxes of our times. Although it emerged as the dominant language of the British Empire, and has subsequently acquired the status of the global language of our times, it has also witnessed many transformations. Inflected by the influence of other languages and cultures of the colonies, what was once the master language of the empire has proliferated into many "Englishes." The phenomenon of literary hybridization and "creolization" in literature that has come out of former colonies of the British Empire in the Caribbean, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. The histories that have shaped these emerging traditions, and the ways in which writers such as Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, Raja Rao, J.M. Coetzee, Derek Walcott, V.S. Naipaul, and Jamaica Kincaid have appropriated, challenged, or otherwise modified their inherited "colonial" literary traditions. Four credit hours. L. MR. ROY

351f Contemporary American Poetry A study of some of the major and emerging figures and poetic movements in American poetry, emphasizing close readings and cultural contexts of work written primarily after 1970. Poets include Elizabeth Bishop, Lucille Clifton, Allen Ginsburg, Sharon Olds, Adrienne Rich, and Richard Wilbur. Four credit hours. L. MR. HARRIS

[353] The American Short Story A study of the genre that many analysts consider the most consistently successful in American literature--the short story. Distinguished and popular writers of short narratives will make up the syllabus, from Washington Irving to Ann Beattie, with extended emphasis on such geniuses as Poe, Hawthorne, James, Hemingway, Wright, and O'Connor. Four credit hours. L.

355f, 356s Studies in American Literary History Not a survey, these courses look toward establishing relationships among the historical American contexts in which literary works were produced, examining these works as imaginative artifacts, tracing the impact of these works on the social and cultural elements of the America of their time, and seeking the significance of the works for readers in later and different worlds. 355: Puritans to the Civil War; 356: Civil War to the Present. Enrollment limited; preference to American studies majors. Four credit hours. L. MS. ONION AND MS. HARRIS.

362f Art and Oppression: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Modern Society How does a minority respond artistically to societal oppression that ranges from silencing and invisibility to censorship and persecution? An examination of the literary response/resistance of lesbian and gay people and their process of literary self-definition, in the face of what Adrienne Rich has defined as society's "compulsory heterosexuality." A study of the lives and works of Oscar Wilde and Radclyffe Hall, then discussion of selected writing by H.D., E.M. Forster, Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, Virginia Woolf, James Baldwin, John Rechy, Rita Mae Brown, Audre Lorde, Monique Wittig, Edmund White, Gloria Anzuldua, Jeannette Winterson, and others. Images of the lesbian and gay experience in painting, photography, film, and television are studied. Sexuality and the transformation of literary convention, the artistic vision of the "double minority," the expression of a radical lesbian and gay political voice, and the emergence into mainstream society of lesbian and gay culture. Four credit hours. L, D. MS. MANNOCCHI

365f Studies in British Literary History, Part I An examination of major British literary traditions by tracing the dialogues and debates on the issues of literary representation and influence; poetic traditions and counter-traditions, and aesthetics. An attempt to situate these debates within their specific cultural contexts and to examine their role in defining the parameters of literary culture through reading representative texts from the period. For students who wish to acquire a more comprehensive view of the continuum of British literature. Part I begins with Beowulf and ends with selections from Milton. Four credit hours. L. MS. MANNOCCHI

366s Studies in British Literary History, Part II Selected works of British literature, from 1660 to the early 20th century, studied with an emphasis on changing social contexts and the changing definition of "literature" itself. English 365 is not a prerequisite for admission. Four credit hours. L. MR. UNDERWOOD

378fs Intermediate Fiction Workshop Practice in the writing of short stories, with major emphasis on student manuscripts. Enrollment is limited; admission is by manuscript submission only. Consult instructor for deadlines and format for manuscript submission. Manuscripts are used as a basis for determining enrollment. Prerequisite: English 278. Four credit hours. A. MS. KENNEY AND MR. BOYLAN

379f Intermediate Poetry Workshop Practice in the writing of poetry, with major emphasis on student manuscripts. Enrollment is limited; admission is by manuscript submission only. See instructor for deadlines and format for manuscript submission. Manuscripts are used as a basis for determining enrollment. Prerequisite: English 279. Four credit hours. A. MR. MCNAIR

[380] Creative Nonfiction Creative nonfiction includes renderings of personal experience, presentations of opinion and passion, profiles of people, and evocations of time and place. Based upon "fact," it uses elements of fiction. A writing workshop with weekly assignments designed to help students find their best material and their strongest voices. Also, reading and discussion of the work of published essayists. Prerequisite: English 115 (or exemption). Four credit hours. A.

397f Comedy and Revolution Listed as Performing Arts 397 (q.v.). Four credit hours. L. MS. WING

411f Shakespeare I: Imagination and Reality Reading of a number of types of plays--comedies, tragedies, and romances--and consideration of Shakespeare's interest in how our imagination interprets and constructs reality, how people use it as a powerful tool for both self-realization and self-delusion. Plays include Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and The Tempest. Four credit hours. L. MR. HAZARD

412s Shakespeare II: Self and Society A survey of plays in which Shakespeare focuses on characters trying to define themselves at the same time as individuals and as members of a social group, such as Henry IV (Part 1), Richard II, and Hamlet. Four credit hours. L. MR. HAZARD

413Af Author Course: Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty: Art and the Southern Cultural Context An intertextual study of the genre-defining contributions that Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty have made to American literature through the Southern Grotesque tradition and to the sometimes nightmarish, but always powerful, meaning of race, sexuality, and survival in American society and art. Welty's and O'Connor's provocative short fiction and novels read within and against a contemporary theoretical discourse, including Bakhtin's dialogism, semiotics, and deconstructionism, which offers critiques of authority and otherness in the (post)modern era. Four credit hours. L. MR. BRYANT

413Bf Author Course: John Keats If Keats has sometimes seemed to provide a pattern of what a poet should be and do, it's in part because the poems themselves are so self-consciously concerned with that question. Students will read Keats (and his contemporary Byron) in order to think about the assumptions involved when we imagine literary careers. How, for instance, can such seemingly unrelated matters as the historical mission of Europe be built into our idea of "the poet"? In addition to Keats and Byron, reading will include Tom Stoppard's play Arcadia. Four credit hours. L. MR. UNDERWOOD

413As Author Course: Hemingway and Fitzgerald A close reading of the stories and novels of two of America's premier modernists with detailed attention to their tempestuous personal relationship and their status as expatriate icons of the Lost Generation. Four credit hours. L. MR. BASSETT

413Bs Author Course: Chaucer Reading of Chaucer's major poetry, including "Troilus and Criseyde" and a selection of The Canterbury Tales. A survey of the social and literary background in 14th-century England, and reading of the allegorical satire of social ideals and sexual behavior, "The Romance of the Rose." Four credit hours. L. MR. HAZARD

413Cs Author Course: Virginia Woolf--Modernism and Feminism One of the pre-eminent literary voices that emerged in the inter-war period in Britain, Virginia Woolf is recognized as the leading woman intellectual and artist within the modernist movement and a prolific writer, producing in a span of about 25 years a dazzling array of novels, short stories, and essays. She fearlessly challenged the reigning literary and cultural norms of Victorian England. By constantly innovating with language and style, she discovered new ways to express the consciousness of the modern age and the deep conflicts and contradictions that lay in it. As a feminist, she often engaged in a powerful polemic against the oppressive class and gender relations that existed in British society. By delineating the private and public lives of middle-class women and their relationship to family, art, and society, as well as by articulating their aspirations and deeply felt anxieties, Woolf provided a compelling view of British society caught in the rush of change during the first three decades of the 20th century. Four credit hours. L. MR. ROY

[417] Literary Criticism: 20th-Century Marxism and Popular Culture--The Frankfurt School Combining Marx, Freud, and a commitment to see both high art and popular culture as driven by the same social forces, the German (and Jewish) cultural critics Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin revolutionized the study of literature and society from the 1930s forward. A study of their theories of the dialectical relation of culture and barbarism, their (and Max Horkheimer's) notion of Enlightenment individualism dialectically related to the myth it criticizes, their analyses of film, of high culture as fetish, of mass-cultural phenomena like the Los Angeles Times astrology column, Hollywood, and other forms of 20th-century high and popular culture. Readings include texts that see mass culture as a subversion of liberal individualism but also as a reservoir of critical energy that engenders social change; some comparison with feminist and cultural criticism as approaches to mass culture. Recommended for students interested in political approaches to literature, literary theory, and graduate study. Four credit hours. L.

[423] The Holocaust: History, Literature, Film The destruction of the European Jewry and the counter-responses of testimony, first-person narrative, fiction, and film produced by and about the victims during the war and afterward. A study of the motives of the perpetrators and bystanders and anti-semitism, with a focus on understanding attempts to find terms to represent the unrepresentable of collective and individual catastrophe and to find forms of continuity amidst destruction. Special emphasis: Jewish writing during the Holocaust itself. Issues include denial as part of the Nazi strategy and its effect on the victims, writing and political struggle within the Nazi-imposed ghettoes, forms of political and spiritual resistance within the camps, the problem of survivor guilt and writing about the Holocaust, and the issues of moral and historical responsibility raised in all forms of reflection on this topic. Four credit hours. L, D.

[425] Modern Women's Literature Classics of modern women's literature written in English between the turn-of-the-century and the 1960s. Among works studied are short stories, novels, poetry, essays, a play, and an autobiography by women writers from England, the United States, Africa, India, and Australia. Excerpts from classics in feminist literary theory and psychobiography are included to establish a frame of reference for the readings, and analysis will incorporate differences of race, class, culture, and sexuality. Four credit hours. L, D.

[429] Passionate Expression: Love, Sex, and Sexuality in Western Literature A study of the Western tradition in love literature focusing on representative masterworks both from "mainstream" culture and from counter-cultures through the ages; topics begin with the Bible, Greek drama, and medieval lyric and conclude with classic Hollywood versions of love stories and the fiction of contemporary liberation movements. Four credit hours. L, D.

474s Public Speaking An intensive course in the practice of public speaking, with special attention given to current political and social issues and the development of an effective and persuasive platform personality. Attendance at campus debates and speech contests required. Enrollment limited. Four credit hours. MR. MILLS

478f Advanced Fiction Workshop Practice in the writing of short stories and longer fiction, with major emphasis on student manuscripts. May be repeated once for additional credit. Enrollment is limited; admission is by manuscript submission only. See instructor for deadlines and format for manuscript submission. Manuscripts are used as a basis for determining enrollment. Prerequisite: English 378. Four credit hours. A. MS. WOOD

479s Advanced Poetry Workshop Practice in the writing of poetry, with major emphasis on student manuscripts. May be repeated once for additional credit. Enrollment is limited; admission is by manuscript submission only. See instructor for deadlines and format for manuscript submission. Manuscripts are used as a basis for determining enrollment. Prerequisite: English 379. Four credit hours. A. MR. MCNAIR

483f, 484js Honors Thesis An independent, substantial project approved by the department. The student will work in close consultation with a faculty member. Students are responsible for selecting their faculty tutor and submitting their proposal by May of their junior year. English 484s is open only to English concentrators working on creative writing projects. Prerequisite: A 3.25 grade point average in the major and approval from a faculty tutor. Two credit hours. FACULTY

491f, 492s Independent Study Individual projects exploring topics for which the student has demonstrated the interest and competence necessary for independent work. Prerequisite: Permission of a project advisor and the chair of the department. One to four credit hours. FACULTY

493Af Seminar: Austen--Fiction and Film The novels of Jane Austen in the contexts of late 18th- and early 19th-century culture and late 20th-century film making. Four credit hours. L. MR. ARCHIBALD

493Bf Seminar: Italian and American Literary Relations, 1920-1950 Italian novelists and critics "discovered" and translated American writers such as Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos, Melville, and Whitman during the 1920s. In the 1930s and '40s American novelists promoted the careers of Italian writers such as Ignazio Silone, Elio Vittorini, Cesare Pavese, and others. Exploring the mutual interest and influence in fiction from both sides of the Atlantic. Four credit hours. L. MR. BRANCACCIO

493As Seminar: Dante, His Life and Work A study of Dante in his many roles as poet/lover and philosopher, Florentine citizen and afterworld adventurer, Italian patriot and spiritual visionary. Careful reading of his major works, including the lyric poetry of the Vita Nuova and the Rime, the three books of the Divine Comedy (the Inferno, the Purgatorio, and the Paradiso), and his political treatise, the De Monarchia. Exploring his historical context and culture, the significance of his Florentine roots and the nature and places of his exile, and his lasting influence on literature, language, the arts, and religious and spiritual thinking. No knowledge of Italian is required. Four credit hours. L. MS. MANNOCCHI

493Bs Seminar: Modern Jewish Writing Exploring the crisis of Jewish culture and identity that began in the 1880s in Europe and its productive consequences for both Jewish culture and modernist writing. How Jewish writers remade and revolutionized Jewish culture in the period before and after the Holocaust. The Yiddish writers (Scholem Aleichem and others) who sought to make a world literature out of a neglected Jewish language without sacrificing Jewish particularity. The rebirth of modern Hebrew, its relation to Zionism and modern Hebrew writing in translation, in pre-state Israeli literature and after. The break-up of traditional Jewish communities in Europe produced other literary and political responses to the modern in criticism, politics, and literature. The allures and conflicts engendered by liberalism and the movement toward assimilation, as well as socialism, the Dreyfus Case, anti-Semitism, the conflict between Western and Eastern Jews, the Holocaust. Writers include S.Y. Agnon, Scholem Aleichem, Aharon Appelfeld, Chaim Nachman Bialik, Franz Kafka, Achad Ha-Am, Theodor Herzl, Arthur Schnitzler, Cynthia Ozick, Joseph Roth, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Amoz Oz, I.L. Peretz, Mendele Mocher Sforim, and others. Four credit hours. L. MR. SUCHOFF

497f Jewish-American Fiction A course in 20th-century Jewish-American writing, with emphasis on modern fiction and its responses to the political and cultural dilemmas that have shaped Jewish identities in America. The cultural forces that move Jewish writers toward universalism as well as particularist stances; examining the pressures of assimilation, the attractions of the left and communism, the claims of Zionism, Yiddish, anti-Semitism, Cold War culture; the New York Intellectuals and Hollywood as influences on Jewish writers, and the general problem of ethnic identity and difference in American culture; the relation of Jewish-American writers to postmodernist culture/post-Holocaust literature, and the conflict and convergence between postmodernism and problems of Jewish memory. Writers include Anzia Yezierska, Abraham Cahan, Mike Gold, Henry Roth, Philip Roth, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Cynthia Ozick. Four credit hours. L. MR. SUCHOF