¹President of the College.
²Resident director, CBB London, fall semester; on leave spring semester.
³Resident director, CBB London, spring semester.
⁴On leave full year.

The Department of Government offers a wide range of courses in American government and politics, comparative government and politics, international politics, political theory, and research methods and quantitative analysis. The departmental goals include exposing students to a variety of forms of governments and intergovernmental activities and to the means for studying these governments and their actions.

Requirements for the Major in Government
Fulfillment of the government major requires successful completion of 10 courses in government, including Government 111, 131, 151, and 171; a 400-level senior seminar; at least five other government courses; and a writing project meeting the department's guidelines. Government majors should complete all four of the 100-level courses by the end of their sophomore year.

Among the courses counted toward the government major, the four 100-level courses, the 400-level course, and the writing assignment must be taken at Colby, and at least three 200- or 300-level courses (not internships and independent studies) must be taken at Colby or be taught by Colby, Bates, or Bowdoin faculty in CBB programs abroad. Courses transferred from other institutions and/or field experience courses can count (up to a maximum of two) in the 10-course requirement. For transfer students, the department will count up to five courses from the previous institution with the permission of the department chair, excluding the seminar and writing assignment. Students taking government courses abroad must secure provisional approval for each course prior to leaving; upon return to Colby, brief descriptions of work completed must be submitted to the department for final approval. No government major may take any government course satisfactory/unsatisfactory. No requirement for the government major may be waived--for completion of an Advanced Placement course or examination or any other reason--without written permission of the department chair.

Honors in Government
For those students who intend to pursue the study of government in more depth, the department offers an honors program that emphasizes substantial independent research under the close guidance of one or two members of the faculty. Students majoring in government may apply during their junior year for admission to the honors program. To be eligible for honors, students need a 3.5 GPA or permission of the department. Successful completion of this program and of the major will result in the degree being awarded "With Honors in Government."

Government 100- and 200-level courses are normally limited to 45 students; 300-level courses are normally limited to 30 students, 400-level courses to 12 students.

Internships are encouraged so that students can experience the practical as well as the more theoretical aspects of the field. Attention is called especially to Colby's Washington Semester Program.

Course Offerings

111fs Introduction to American Government and Politics How does the American government work? An examination of the relationships among American values, politics, government institutions, and public policy. Priority to first-year students; open to others majoring in government with permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. S. MR. MAISEL

126s The Politics of the Environment See course description in the "Integrated Studies" section of this catalogue. Four credit hours. MS. DESOMBRE

131fs Introduction to International Relations An introduction to the major issues within the field of international relations and the theoretical approaches that have been developed to understand these issues. Four credit hours. S. MR. RODMAN AND MR. MARQUARDT

151fs Comparative Politics: An Introduction to Politics Outside the United States A comparative analysis of politics in liberal democracies, communist and post-communist political systems, and developing countries. Important concepts in the field of comparative politics are introduced. The overriding theme is that of democracy and the challenges of democratization. Four credit hours. S, D. MR. DENOEUX AND MR. ARMONY

171fs Introduction to Political Theory A discussion of the basic terms, concepts, and principles of modern political science, with particular focus on modern liberalism and its critics. Topics include sovereignty, individual rights, equality, nationalism, socialism, and revolution. Readings from Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Mill, Burke, Marx, and others. Four credit hours. S. MR. CORRADO AND MR. REISERT

[211] The American Presidency The organization, powers, and actions of the executive branch of the American government examined in historical and contemporary perspective. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours.

212s The American Congress The Congress is the "first branch" of the American national government, but most of us know little about it. The course will focus on elections to Congress and the functioning of the modern Congress. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours. MR. MAISEL

[213j] United States Senate Simulation A month-long simulation of how the United States Senate, particularly its committee system, functions. Students are assigned the role of actual senators as they deal with contemporary policy issues. Open to all classes. Prerequisite: Government 111. Three credit hours.

[214] Parties and the Electoral Process An analysis of partisan politics and elections in the United States, emphasizing the role of parties and dealing with candidates, their staffs, the electorate, and the media. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours.

[231] United States Foreign Policy I: The Cold War An analysis of the major events facing the United States during the Cold War and the controversies surrounding them. Academic and policy debates over national security doctrines, the proper place of ideology in foreign policy, the role of economic factors, and domestic political institutions. Topics include the origin of the Cold War, nuclear weapons strategy, the Vietnam War, containment and detente, and the end of the Cold War. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours. S.

[232] United States Foreign Policy II: After the Cold War Foreign policy issues confronting the United States in the post-Cold War environment. The impact of the end of the Cold War on American definitions of national security and the prospects for international cooperation. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours.

233s International Relations in East Asia An introduction to the evolution of the international order, distribution of power, and security concerns in Asia-Pacific. The great power competition (China, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union) in the vast region. Case studies include the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, the Pacific War, the Korean War, the United States-Vietnam War, and the Sino-Vietnam War. The changing international relations in the post-Cold War era. Prerequisite: Government 131 or 151. Four credit hours. D. INSTRUCTOR

235j Sustainable Development An examination of the tension between the need for economic development by less developed countries and the necessity to protect and preserve the global environment. The course will explore both the domestic issues facing developing countries as they attempt to address their economic and environmental problems, and the relationship between developing countries and the rest of the international community in confronting environmental issues. Also listed as Environmental Studies 235. Four credit hours; three credit hours in January. MS. DESOMBRE

[236j] Whales, Whaling, and Whale Conservation An investigation of the uses and attempts at conservation of a particular natural resource: whales. Aspects of whales and the interactions that humans have with them, using a wide and innovative set of resources. Why have whales inspired such passion--both in their use and in their defense? What can attempts to regulate use of, conserve, or protect this species tell us about conservation of species or natural resources in general? Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Three credit hours.

237f Justice and War An examination of scholarly controversies surrounding the issue of when war and the means of waging it are considered legitimate. Among the cases covered are the Persian Gulf War, humanitarian intervention in Bosnia, Hiroshima, the ethics of nuclear deterrence, guerrilla warfare, terrorism, the question of whether the Nuremburg precedent in trying war criminals can be extended to contemporary conflicts in South Africa, Rwanda, Yugoslavia, and Cambodia. Four credit hours. MR. RODMAN

251j Israelis and Palestinians: Conflict and Accommodation The roots and the evolution of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. Themes include the origins of Zionism and Palestinian nationalism; the British mandate over Palestine; the creation of Israel and the birth of the Palestinian refugee problem; the Arab-Israeli wars; stereotyping and prejudices; the intifada and its impact on the conflict; the origins, content, and significance of the September 1993 agreement between PLO leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, the September 1995 Oslo II agreement; and the "Peace Process" since the election of Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister of Israel. Scholarly analyses and firsthand accounts, essays, and documentaries depicting the attitudes and emotions that have sustained the conflict between Arabs and Jews in the Palestine-Israel region throughout the 20th century. Three credit hours. S, D. MR. DENOEUX

[252] Politics of the Middle East An introduction to the internal politics of Middle Eastern countries, centering on the two main forces that currently play themselves out in this region: the intertwining of religion and politics, and the growing tension between the authoritarian nature of Arab regimes and increasing popular pressures for democratization. The origins of modern Arab states, the challenges of modernization and political development, leadership styles, strategies of political control, and the politics of economic and political liberalization. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. S, D.

253f Latin American Politics An introduction to the study of contemporary Latin American politics. An introduction to major political institutions, actors, and processes in the region as well as some key concepts and controversies affecting discussions of Latin America today. Specifically, an effort to find answers to the following questions: 1) What are the sources of political instability in Latin America? 2) What are the basic patterns of state-society interaction in the region? 3) Is it possible to "make democracy work" in Latin America? Four credit hours. D. MR. ARMONY

254j Latin American Politics in Film The study of Latin American politics approached from a fresh and creative perspective. An introduction to major political topics in Latin America through the interrelated analysis of feature films and readings. Films are in English or Spanish/Portuguese with subtitles. Topics include human rights, collective action, discrimination, and political violence. Three credit hours. S, D. MR. ARMONY

255f Introduction to Chinese Politics The political system of China since 1949, including political institutions, the policy-making process, political culture, and the relationship between state and society. The main focus is on the post-Mao era reforms beginning in 1978. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. D. INSTRUCTOR

[256j] The Pacific Challenge Combining lectures, discussions, and a 10-hour film series, "Pacific Century," to examine the various challenges--economic, political, and cultural--that Asia-Pacific, the most dynamic region in the world, poses for the United States. Three credit hours. S.

[257] Introduction to the Politics and Government of West Europe An examination of the development of Western European forms of democratic governance, particularly in France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. The course explores the political cultures and institutions in contrasting national settings and considers the implications of the European integration process for democracy in Western Europe. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. S.

[258] Introduction to the Politics and Government of Eastern Europe An investigation of the political, cultural, and institutional legacies of Soviet-style communism in Eastern Europe today. The course briefly examines the rise and fall of communism in the region and then analyzes the political, economic, and social transformation processes underway in several cases. Consideration of Western influences on the public policies of post-communist countries, and implications for the integration of Eastern and Western Europe. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. S.

261f Introduction to Japanese Politics The political base of post-war Japan's economic development, the strengths and weaknesses of Japanese government institutions, and Japan's emerging global role. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. INSTRUCTOR

[262j] German Unification: Process and Outcomes A look at the institutional and cultural integration of the two German states since their formal unification in 1990. The course will use relevant texts, novels, and films to examine the political, economic, and social dimensions of the merger. Prerequisite: Government 151. Three credit hours.

[263j] The Balkan Crisis The nature of political and ethno-cultural tensions during the transition to pluralism in southeastern Europe. Nationalism considered as the main successor ideology to communism; films and novels studied to better understand the dynamics of political cultures in the region. Prerequisite: Government 151. Three credit hours.

[271] Classical Political Theory A survey covering major works by Sophocles, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Augustine and their varied understandings of justice, the design of the best regime, the relation of human nature to the shape of political institutions, the limits of human knowledge, the obligations of citizenship, the relation between political theory and political practice, as well as the role of religion and philosophy in defining a political order. Prerequisite: Government 171. Four credit hours. D.

272f Modern Political Theory A survey of major works by Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche. Modern understanding of the social contract, the individual and the state; psychology; religion and politics; knowledge and political power; and the definition of freedom. A continuation of political theory building upon, but not requiring, Government 271. Prerequisite: Government 171. Four credit hours. MR. REISERT

[273] American Political Thought A survey of the fundamental principles of American political thought as presented in primary source documents and writings. General themes include the notion of republican government, the concepts of liberty and equality, the role of commerce in a democratic society, and the foundations of social justice. Prerequisite: Government 111; preference to government and American studies majors. Four credit hours.

[276] Democracy What does rule by the people require? And is it really desirable? A historical examination into the idea of democracy, beginning with classical critiques of democracy and concluding with contemporary celebrations of it. Topics include legitimacy, freedom, autonomy, virtue, mediocrity, shamelessness, and despotism. Readings from Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Tocqueville, Mill, and others. Prerequisite: Government 171. Four credit hours.

[281] Introduction to Research Methods for Political Science An exploration of different approaches to studying political science, with an emphasis on "how we know what we know." Discussion of comparative, statistical, and rational choice approaches. The course is a requirement for all independent study courses in government, including the honors program. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. Q.

295fjs Internship in Government Supervised field experience in politics, government, and public policy. Nongraded. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Two or three credit hours. MR. MAISEL

298S NATO and European Security The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is often called the most successful military alliance in human history. The course offers an inquiry into the NATO alliance--past, present, and future. Diplomatic history and international relations theory are tools used to analyze the origins and evolution of NATO as an international organization and the major policy issues that this military alliance has faced over the years. Issues surrounding NATO's transformation since the end of the Cold War, including enlargement, links to a possible European military entity, relations with Russia, the adoption of a new military strategy, and the war in Kosovo. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours. MR. MARQUARDT

310s Interest Group Politics Organized interests have always been an important constituent of American political life. How have changes in government and electoral politics affected the role of interest groups? Are these groups an essential aspect of good government? Do they exert too much influence in modern politics? An examination of the activities of interest groups in American politics, including their formation, behavior, and evolution in recent decades. Enrollment limited. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours. MR. CORRADO

[311] The Judicial Process A seminar designed to give a broad survey of the role of law and the courts in our society from the perspective of a federal judge. Topics include the appellate process, judicial activism, etc. Prerequisite: Government 111 and permission of the chair of the department. Three credit hours.

313f Constitutional Law I: Federalism An examination of major themes in American constitutional law, focusing on the period from the founding to the New Deal. Topics include constitutional interpretation and judicial review, the role of an independent judiciary, the structure and powers of the national government, and the rise and fall of substantive due process and economic rights. Readings of major U.S. Supreme Court decisions and related documents. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours. S. MR. REISERT

314s Constitutional Law II: Individual Rights Legal, moral, and political controversies involving the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment. Particular attention to the period from the New Deal to the present. Cases examined deal with freedom of expression; the "right of privacy" and protections for contraception, abortion, and homosexuality; and affirmative action and the status of women and minorities under the law. Readings of major U.S. Supreme Court cases and related works of moral and political philosophy. A continuation of constitutional law building upon, but not requiring, Government 313. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours. S. MR. REISERT

316s Presidential Electoral Politics The procedural and strategic environment of presidential general election contests and the strategic decision making that takes place in presidential campaigns. An introduction to recent controversies concerning polling techniques, the role of the media in covering elections, negative advertising, and candidate debates. A case study of recent elections. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours. MR. CORRADO

[317] The Policy-Making Process An examination of the policy-making process, including agenda setting, program formulation, consensus building, implementation, and the use and misuse of policy analysis. Special attention to methods and techniques of policy evaluation. Primary focus on policy making at the national level in the United States government. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours.

319f Law and Social Change: Women and Minorities The legal "case method" will be used to focus on the judicial process--particularly the United States Supreme Court--as it has dealt with problems of slavery, racial equality, and discrimination against women in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in England. The course investigates affirmative action, school segregation, abortion, rights of privacy, sex discrimination, and discrimination against homosexuals. The Socratic method of teaching is used, and regular class participation is required of all students. Priority to seniors, regardless of major. Four credit hours. S, D. MR. COTTER

[320] American Liberalism in Thought and Practice The changing role of the national government in American society in the 20th century. Populism, progressivism, and the civil-rights movement; the broad expansions of government responsibility that occurred during the Progressive, New Deal, and Great Society eras; and the contemporary impacts and problems resulting from this enlargement of the role and size of the federal government. Prerequisite: Government 111 or History 124. Four credit hours.

[331] Business and American Foreign Policy Examination of competing theories as to the relationship between business and the state in the conduct of foreign policy. The relevance of these theories will be tested vis-à-vis cases of Cold War interventionism, East-West trade, economic sanctions, trade policy, the role of international banking, the arms industry, and the oil companies. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours.

332s International Organization The structure, politics, and current operation of international organizations within the nation-state system. Topics include conflict resolution, nonproliferation, human rights, and international economic cooperation. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours. MR. MARQUARDT

334f International Environmental Law An examination of the basic instruments of international law and its historical development in addressing international environmental issues in order to ascertain its role addressing current environmental problems. Under what conditions have states been able to cooperate to improve the global environment? The course will also look at negotiation of, compliance with, and effectiveness of international environmental law. Also listed as Environmental Studies 334. Prerequisite: Previous or concurrent enrollment in Government 131 and one of Environmental Studies 118, 235 or Economics 231. Four credit hours. MS. DESOMBRE

335s United States-Latin American Relations The evolving relationship between Latin America and the United States from the 1790s to the present. Analysis will focus on the continuities and changes in U.S. policy toward Latin America as well as Latin American perceptions and policies towards the United States; special attention to U.S. policy in Central America during the Cold War. Post-Cold War issues such as hemispheric economic integration, drug-trafficking, and immigration. Four credit hours. MR. ARMONY

[336] International Relations Theory An examination of the major paradigms and theoretical problems in the analysis of international relations. How do we explain and predict the shape of world politics? Theoretical approaches include realism, liberalism, constructivism, cognitive analysis, feminist theory, rational choice, and game theory. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours.

[339] Ethics and Realpolitik: Dilemmas of Justice and Power in International Relations An examination of debates between realist "power politics" approaches and normative scholars as to the role played by ethical considerations in world politics. Areas examined include just war theory, the ethics of nuclear deterrence, human rights, and issues of redistributive justice. Prerequisite: Government 131. Four credit hours.

[351] United States Policy Toward the Middle East An overview of the Middle East policy of successive administrations from Harry Truman to Bill Clinton. The motivations and world views that have guided United States policy toward the region. Topics include American interests in the Middle East; the origins of U.S. involvement in the region; American policy toward the Arab-Israeli conflict and toward Arab and Iranian nationalism; the "special relationship" between Israel and the United States; the American debacle in Iran; the United States response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait; and the challenges of U.S.-Middle East policy in the post-Cold War era. Prerequisite: Government 252. Four credit hours. S.

[353] Promoting Democracy in Transitional Countries Introduction to key concepts and modes of analysis used by organizations that seek to promote democratization and good governance. Students learn how to assess democratic performance; how to identify opportunities for, and constraints on, democratization; how to highlight overarching problems in the democracy/governance area; and how to infer assistance strategies designed to enhance prospects for participatory, accountable, and transparent forms of government. Students are encouraged to think as practitioners in the field. Four credit hours.

[354] Comparative Politics of North Africa A comparative examination of the internal politics of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya. A review of the political history of each country; cross-country analyses of the following themes: how regimes attempt to legitimize themselves; development strategies; modes of political control; the role of the military; the politics of economic restructuring; the politics of the Islamic resurgence; prospects for democratization. Prerequisite: Government 252. Four credit hours. S, D.

[355] Transforming the Communist System An examination of the characteristics of communist systems in the 1980s, the rise to power of Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, and the various reform tasks and choices confronting new regimes in the former communist bloc. An in-depth analysis of the political, economic, and sociocultural changes associated with the transition from communism. Prerequisite: Government 258. Four credit hours.

[359] Political Ideologies An exploration of the major ideological currents and movements in the contemporary world. Theoretical underpinnings of democracy, as well as issues within, and challenges to, democracy in the late 20th century. Ideologies examined against the background of important political changes in this century, such as the Bolshevik revolution, the rise of fascism and the Third Reich, and the collapse of Soviet-style communism. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours.

[371] Foundations of American Constitutionalism An examination of the philosophical foundations of the constitution and American political thought at the time of the founding through an analysis of the writings of Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and selected Federalist and anti-Federalist essays. Prerequisite: Government 111. Four credit hours.

398s Democracy, Peace, and War A consideration of hypotheses on the relationship between regime type--modern liberal polities--and interstate conflict, seeking to answer questions: Do democratic states make for a more peaceful world? Is the conduct of war different for democratic states and non-democratic states? Is there an "American way" of war? Students are introduced to the theoretical literature in international relations on the democratic or liberal peace and the place of this literature in the larger context of the study of international relations today. Empirical studies of the democratic peace using several research methodologies. Prerequisite: Government 131; non-government majors need permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. MR. MARQUARDT

[411] Seminar: The New Deal An examination of the policies and politics of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Major policy initiatives will be reviewed and the formation of the New Deal electoral coalition assessed. The intellectual and historical background of the period, the political leadership of FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt, and the rise of the administrative state. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Four credit hours.

[412] Tutorial: The Politics of Presidential Elections The procedural and strategic environment of modern presidential elections and the decision making that takes place within presidential election campaigns. Case studies and analyses of the 1996 presidential campaign. The development of electoral college strategies, the use of political advertising, the role of candidate debates, and press coverage of general elections. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Four credit hours.

[413] Seminar: Policy Advocacy Intensive study of selected public policy issues and the techniques of policy advocacy; emphasis on oral presentations of policy positions. Prerequisite: Government 317. Four credit hours.

414f Seminar: Ethics in Politics A discussion of critical ethical issues faced by American and other national leaders. Case studies of 20th-century decisions, including those involved with violence (e.g., Truman's decision to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki), deception in government (e.g., Oliver North's decision to lie to Congress about Iran-Contra), disobedience of those in authority (e.g., Daniel Ellsberg's release of the Pentagon Papers), policies regarding life and death (e.g., abortion and euthanasia laws), and others. Prerequisite: Government 111 and permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. MR. MAISEL

[415] Tutorial: American Government Readings and discussions of selected topics in American government. Prerequisite: Government 111 and permission of the instructor. Four credit hours.

419f Money and Politics A seminar examining the role of money in the political process, with particular emphasis on the conflicts that may exist between our methods of financing political campaigns and the democratic values that serve as the basis for our system of government. This broad concern is addressed through a discussion of election laws, current campaign finance practices, recent legal controversies, and various proposals for political reform. Enrollment limited. Four credit hours. MR. CORRADO

432s Seminar: United States Foreign Policy An advanced seminar dealing with major theoretical and policy issues in the study of American foreign policy since World War II. The specific topic of the seminar will be announced each year; possible topics are multinational corporations and foreign policy; Soviet-American relations; levels of analysis; and international organization. Prerequisite: Government 131 and permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. MR. MARQUARDT

450f Seminar: Democratization in Latin America Understanding key problems such as the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, the role of various actors in this process, and the challenges for the consolidation of democracy. A theoretical analysis of these issues will be combined with an in-depth study of specific cases to understand how democracy re-emerged and how it works in Latin America. An opportunity for students to engage in creative thinking, research, and writing, drawing on their various skills and knowledge. Four credit hours. MR. ARMONY

451s Seminar: Political Violence, Revolutions, and Ethnic Conflict Students familiarize themselves with the vast literature on revolutions, political violence, and ethnic conflict and are exposed to a variety of theoretical perspectives and case studies. How to draw on theoretical approaches to make sense of specific instances of political turmoil and, conversely, how to use case studies to assess the validity of different theories. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours. MR. DENOEUX

452s Seminar: Chinese Foreign Policy An analytic overview of China's foreign policy issues. The changing patterns of Chinese foreign policy since 1949, the political economy of China's turn outward in recent years, and the formation of foreign policy. China's relations with the United States, U.S.S.R. (Russia), Japan, and the Third World as well as China's role in the post-Cold War period. Four credit hours. FACULTY

[455] Seminar: Democratization Theories and Applications An exploration of the processes of democratization and economic transformation, particularly in post-communist systems, combining the study of theoretical approaches to democratization and analytical examination of topics important to the process and focusing on the relationship between capitalism and democracy. The role of elites in the transition, the function of law and constitutional design, the impact of culture on prospects for democracy, and the extent to which nationalism supports or erodes a country's commitment to liberalization and democratization. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours.

[457] Seminar: Evolution of the European Union An investigation of the current politics of European integration within a broader analytical and historical context, considering the drive for economic and monetary union, efforts to create European social and cultural policies, proposed common European foreign and security policy, and the problems linked with institutional reform and European Union expansion. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours.

[458] Tutorial on Latin America Readings and discussions of selected topics related to politics and policies in Latin America. Prerequisite: Government 151. Four credit hours.

[472] Seminar: Modern Political Philosophy A careful analysis of a single major writing or a single author's thought, such as Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America or the works of Rousseau. Prerequisite: Government 171 or 272. Four credit hours.

[474] Seminar: Plato and Rousseau What is justice? In the individual and in society? What political institutions would a just society require? Is a perfectly just person or society possible? Is justice compatible with the flourishing of a society or the happiness of an individual? What obligations do we owe, in justice, to ourselves? to our families and our friends? to fellow-citizens and strangers? to God? A careful comparison and analysis of these and related issues in Plato's Republic and Rousseau's Emile. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Four credit hours.

475s Seminar: Law, Liberty, and Morality May the state legitimately use the law to impose a certain conception of morality on its citizens? Or must the state aim, rather, to remain "neutral" when its citizens disagree strongly about the best way of life, protecting its citizens' freedom to choose their own visions of the good life? An examination of these issues as they are developed in works by Rawls, Dworkin, Sandel, Raz, George, and others as well as in selected Supreme Court opinions. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Four credit hours. MR. REISERT

483f, 484s Honors Workshop Individual and group meetings of seniors and faculty participating in the government honors program. Prerequisite: Admission to the honors program. Three or four credit hours. FACULTY

491f, 492s Independent Study A study of government through individual projects. Prerequisite: Government major and permission of the instructor. One to four credit hours. FACULTY