Best Lewis Structure
The Lewis structure that is closest to your structure is determined.
The hybridization of the atoms in this idealized Lewis structure
is given in the table below.
The Lewis structure is built for the up and down electrons,
separately. Note that the up and down structures can be very
different.
Hybridization in the Best Lewis Structure
Down Electrons
1. A bonding orbital for C1-H2 with 0.9979 electrons
__has 60.02% C 1 character in a sp2.17 hybrid
__has 39.98% H 2 character in a s orbital
2. A bonding orbital for C1-Br3 with 0.9990 electrons
__has 47.35% C 1 character in a s0.80 p3 hybrid
__has 52.65% Br 3 character in a s0.49 p3 hybrid
18. A lone pair orbital for C1 with 0.9985 electrons
__made from a sp1.09 hybrid
19. A lone pair orbital for C1 with 0.9963 electrons
__made from a p-pi orbital ( 99.99% p)
20. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9992 electrons
__made from a sp0.33 hybrid
21. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9986 electrons
__made from a p-pi orbital (100.00% p)
22. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9932 electrons
__made from a s0.38 p3 hybrid
-With core pairs on: C 1 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 -
Up Electrons
1. A bonding orbital for C1-H2 with 0.9970 electrons
__has 56.27% C 1 character in a sp0.96 hybrid
__has 43.73% H 2 character in a s orbital
2. A bonding orbital for C1-Br3 with 0.9983 electrons
__has 42.52% C 1 character in a sp1.39 hybrid
__has 57.48% Br 3 character in a s0.53 p3 hybrid
20. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9975 electrons
__made from a sp0.22 hybrid
21. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9499 electrons
__made from a s0.11 p3 hybrid
22. A lone pair orbital for Br3 with 0.9456 electrons
__made from a p-pi orbital ( 99.84% p 0.16% d)
-With core pairs on: C 1 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 Br 3 -
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Donor Acceptor Interactions in the Best Lewis Structure
The localized orbitals in your best Lewis structure
can interact strongly. A filled bonding or lone pair orbital can
act as a donor and an empty or filled bonding, antibonding, or
lone pair orbital can act as an acceptor. These
interactions can strengthen and weaken bonds. For example, a
lone pair donor->antibonding acceptor orbital interaction
will weaken the bond
associated with the antibonding orbital. Conversly, an interaction
with a bonding pair as the acceptor will strengthen the bond.
Strong electron delocalization in your best Lewis structure will
also show up as donor-acceptor interactions.
Interactions greater than 20 kJ/mol for bonding and lone pair
orbitals are listed below.
The interaction of the second lone pair donor orbital, 21, for Br3 with
the second lone pair acceptor orbital, 19, for C1 is 93.2 kJ/mol.
The interaction of the third lone pair donor orbital, 22, for Br3 with
the lone pair acceptor orbital, 18, for C1 is 95.0 kJ/mol.
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Molecular Orbital Energies
The orbital energies are given in eV, where 1 eV=96.49 kJ/mol.
Orbitals with very low energy are core 1s orbitals.
More antibonding orbitals than you might expect are sometimes
listed, because d orbitals are always included for heavy
atoms and p orbitals are included for H atoms.
Up spins are shown with a ^ and down spins are shown as v.
Only the spin up electron orbital energies are given.
26 ----- 4.481
25 ----- 3.591
24 ----- 2.953
23 ----- -1.228
22 -^--- -5.107
21 -^--- -6.287
20 -^-v- -8.858
19 -^-v- -8.915
18 -^-v- -11.35
17 -^-v- -15.76
16 -^-v- -21.28
15 -^-v- -69.34 14 -^-v- -69.34
13 -^-v- -69.58
12 -^-v- -69.59
11 -^-v- -69.69
10 -^-v- -172.5
9 -^-v- -172.6
8 -^-v- -172.9
7 -^-v- -230.0
6 -^-v- -268.8
5 -^-v- -1518. 4 -^-v- -1518.
3 -^-v- -1518.
2 -^-v- -1681.
1 -^-v- -13068
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Total Electronic Energy
The total electronic energy is a very large number, so by convention
the units are given in atomic units, that is Hartrees (H). One
Hartree is 2625.5 kJ/mol. The energy reference is for totally
dissociated atoms. In other words, the reference state is a gas
consisting of nuclei and electrons all at infinite distance from
each other. The electronic energy includes all electric
interactions and the kinetic energy of the electrons. This energy
does not include translation, rotation, or vibration of the
the molecule.
Total electronic energy = -2612.5655151175 Hartrees
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