1. Flexible Response 6. The Basic Principles Agreement

2. Rollback 7. The War Powers Resolution

3. The Clark Amendment 8. The Shanghai Communique

4. The Jackson-Vanik Amendment 9. The Arms Export Control Act

5. The Carter Doctrine 10. The "Dove's Dilemma"

PART B: Answer three of five (36 Points).

1. Briefly discuss the difference between linkage and economic warfare strategies of East-West economic relations. Illustrate by showing what each would have recommended after Gorbachev withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan in 1988.

2. According to Nathan & Oliver, what was the central reason why the US intervention in Lebanon represented the least successful use of force under the Reagan administration?

3. How would a realist, a Wilsonian internationalist, and a radical revisionist explain and assess the Bush administration's intervention against the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait?

4. In 1979, German Chancellor Schmidt welcomed the deployment of a new generation of theatre nuclear weapons in Central Europe, while in 1989, his successor, Helmut Kohl, strongly objected to the Bush administration's plans to modernize the Lance missile, a tactical nuclear weapon. Explain the difference between the two responses focusing on US-European debates over NATO strategies.

5. What role was the National Security Council (NSC) was designed to play in the National Security Act of 1947? What were the principal conclusions of the Tower Commission report regarding the use of the NSC during the Iran-Contra affair?

PART C: Answer one of two (40 Points).

1. "The history of the Cold War provides a vindication of the strategy of containment devised by George Kennan in the "long telegram" and "X" article, as well as Kennan's reservations regarding the rhetoric and implementation of the strategy he authored."

Critically assess the statement above, focusing on Soviet-American relations through the end of the Cold War and the application of the containment doctrine in the Third World.

3. In constructing its containment policy in the Third World, American public officials have sought to achieve a balance between the competing claims of solvency and credibility. Compare and contrast how at least two administrations have attempted to balance those competing claims since the drafting of NSC-68 in 1950. Critically assess how successful these administrations have been in balancing these goals using as evidence concrete examples of the application of their respective approaches.

5. A number of scholars have argued that one of the weaknesses of Soviet and American foreign policy has been "the reduction of the Cold War to a bilateral game played by the superpowers" which underestimated the power of nationalism as a force independent of both sides (see Schlesinger in Hogan, The End of the Cold War, pp. 59-61). Critically assess this view focusing on both Soviet and American foreign policy. Indicate the degree to which either superpower was more or less successful in adapting its diplomacy to nationalist forces and whether this was a source of strength or weakness.