Students are expected to read required assignments prior to the lecture to which they pertain. The following books are required and I recommend you purchase them at the Colby bookstore in Roberts Union:

1. Attendance and Participation (10%)

2. There will be an examination early in the semester on Thursday, September 26. (15%)

3. From October 1 - 31, each student will be responsible for a paper either for a debate over just war issues or a decision making simulation on humanitarian intervention. In these papers, you will be assigned a role that you will have to represent in your paper and in the simulated debate or decision dilemma in class. Each student must:

• send me via email a one-page summary of your position (i.e., either a short abstract of your argument or an outline) at 5:00 the day before the class in which we are doing the simulation.
• prepare to give a five-minute summary of your position and defend that position in class
• submit a 6-10 page final draft, due in my office 3 days after the class presentation (i.e., Friday at 5 for a Tuesday class; Sunday at 5 for a Thursday class). (25%)

4. A take-home essay assignment on humanitarian intervention and genocide focusing on Samantha Power’s, A Problem from Hell. The questions will be handed out on Thursday, November 7 and the paper will be due on Friday, November 22 at 5:00. (25%)

Introduction

Anarchy and Necessity: Thucydides and Hobbes

• Walzer, ch. 1
• Nye, ch. 1
• Thucydides, History of the Peloponessian Wars, pp. 265-274, 158-170 (R)
• Hobbes, Leviathan, ch. 13 (R)

The Duty of Statesmen: Machiavelli and Weber

• Nye, ch. 2
• Machiavelli, The Prince, chs. 15-19 (R)
• Weber, "Politics as a Vocation," pp. 115-128 (R)
• Nolan, "’Bodyguard of Lies’: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II" (R)
• Draper, "Reagan’s Junta" (R)

Modern Realism and Its Critics (I): Normative Issues

Recommended:

• Smith, Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger, chs. 3-6
• Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations, pp. 15-63

Modern Realism and Its Critics (II): Empirical Issues

• McElroy, chs. 3-5
• Walzer, ch. 15
• Power, ch. preface, 5, 7

Just War Theory and the Legalist Paradigm

• Walzer, chs. 4, afterword
• Henkin, ch. 2
• Johnson, Morality and Contemporary Warfare, pp. 41-70 (RESERVE)

Recommended:

• Orend, Michael Walzer on War and Justice, pp. 60-76
• David Hendrickson, "In Defense of Realism: A Commentary on Just and Unjust Wars", Ethics and International Affairs (1997), pp. 19-54
• Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States" Philosophy and Public Affairs (Spring 1980)
• David Luban, "The Romance of the Nation-State" Philosophy and Public Affairs (Summer 1980)
• Smith, "Ethics and Intervention" Ethics & International Affairs (1980):1-26

EXAMINATION

Ideology and Intervention: Vietnam and the Reagan Doctrine

• Henkin, introduction, ch. 1
• Walzer, pp. 96-101
• Morgenthau, "The Lessons of Vietnam" (R)
• Krauthammer, "The Poverty of Realism" (R)

Debating the Reagan Doctrine in Latin America: Nicaragua and Panama

Recommended:

• DeMuth, The Reagan Doctrine
• Gerson, The Kirkpatrick Mission at the United Nations, ch. 16
• Forsythe, The Politics of International Law, ch. 3
• Johnson, "Misguided Morality: Ethics and the Reagan Doctrine" Political Science Quarterly (Fall 1988)
• Charles Maechling, "Washington's Illegal Invasion," Foreign Policy, Summer 1990, pp. 119-132
• Farer, "Panama: Beyond the Charter Paradigm" American Journal of International Law (April 1990), pp. 503-515

Debate: Was the Persian Gulf War a Just War?

• Walzer, preface
• Henkin, ch. 5 (Persian Gulf War selections only)
• Gulf War Handout

Recommended:

• Elshtain, ed., Just War Theory
• Walzer, "Justice and Injustice in the Gulf War," Weigel, "From Last Resort to Endgame," and Elshtain, "Just War as Politics," all from Elshtain, ed., Was it Just?
• James Turner Johnson, Just War and the Gulf War
• Geyer & Breen, Lines in the Sand: Justice and the Gulf War

Debate: Can War with Iraq be Justified as a Legitimate Anticipation?

• Walzer, ch. 5
• Brad Roberts, "NBC Armed States: Is There a Moral Case for Pre-Emption?" (R)
• Rivkin & Bartram, "The Law on the Road to Baghdad" National Review, August 28, 2002
• Galston, "Perils of Preemptive War" American Prospect, September 23, 2002

Note: The Rivkin & Bartram and Galston essays should eventually be on-line through Academic Search Premier and when they are, I will send you the stable link. If they are not up by one week of this class, the articles will be emailed to you. They can also be accessed via Lexis-Nexis under "General News" and "Magazines & Journals"

• Farer, "Beyond the Charter Framework: Unilateralism or Condominium" American Journal of International Law (April 2002): 359-364. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9300%2820024%2996%3A2%3C359%3ABTCFUO%E2.0.CO%3B2-O

Recommended:

• Hoffmann, The Ethics and Politics of Humanitarian Intervention
• Rieff, "The Illusions of Peacekeeping" World Policy Journal (Fall 1994), pp. 1-18
• Smith, "Humanitarian Intervention: An Overview of the Ethical Issues," Ethics and International Affairs (1998), pp. 63-80

Humanitarian Intervention after the Cold War: The Kurdish and Somali Precedents

• Power, ch. 8
• Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society, pp. 172-207 (R)

Recommended:

• For relatively optimistic views of the events of Kurdish and Somali precedents in the early 1990s, see Pease and Forsythe, "Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and World Politics" Human Rights Quarterly (May 1993): 290-314; Chopra and Weiss, "Sovereignty Is No Longer Sacrosanct: Codifying Humanitarian Intervention" Ethics and International Affairs (1992): 95-117; Stromseth, "Iraq’s Repression of its Civilian Population: collective Responses and Continuing Challenges" in Damrosch, ed., Enforcing Restraint: Collective Intervention in Internal Conflicts, pp. 77-118.
• For more skeptical views, see Mandelbaum, "The Reluctance to Intervene," Foreign Policy (Summer 1994):3-19 and "Foreign Policy as Social Work" Foreign Affairs (January-February 1996): 16-32; Also see Fromkin, "Don’t Send in the Marines," New York Times Magazine, February 27, 1994.

Bosnia (1)

• Power, chs. 9, 11
• Daalder, "Anthony Lake and the War in Bosnia" (R)

Bosnia (II)

• Power, ch. 11, 13 (read selectively on the Hague Tribunal)
• Goldstone, "Bringing War Criminals to Justice During an Ongoing War" in Moore, ed., Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention, pp. 195-210 (R)
• Sharp, "Dayton Report Card" International Security (Winter 1997): 101-137 http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=275335

Rwanda

• Power, ch. 10

Kosovo

• Power, ch. 12

Recommended:

• Fromkin, Kosovo Crossing: American Ideals Meet Reality on the Balkan Battlefields
• Denitch, "A Botched Just War," Dissent (Summer 1999), pp. 7-10
• Russett, "Is NATO’s War a Just War?"Commonweal (May 21, 1999)
• Mandelbaum, "A Perfect Failure: NATO’s War Against Yugoslavia," Foreign Affairs (September/October 1999), pp. 2-8
• Falk, "Reflections on the War" Nation , June 28, 1999

The War Convention

• Walzer, chs. 2, 3, 9, 14
• McElroy, ch. 6

Recommended:

• J. Samuel Walker, Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of the Atomic Bombs Against Japan
• Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years, ch. 2
• Van de Velde, "The Enola Gay Saved Lives," Political Science Quarterly (Fall 1995), pp. 453-460
• Libby, "The Search for a Negotiated Peace" World Affairs (Summer 1993), pp. 35-46
• Alperovitz, Messer, and Bernstein, "Marshall, Truman, and the Decision to Drop the Bomb," International Security (Winter 1992), pp. 204-222

Air Power and Noncombatant Immunity: Kosovo

• Kosovo Handout

The Ethics of Nuclear Deterrence (I)

• Walzer, ch. 17
• Nye, chs. 4, 5
• Schell, "Selection from The Fate of the Earth"
• Wohlstetter, "Bishops, Statesmen, and Other Strategists on the Bombing of the Innocents," in Kegley & Wittkopf, eds., The Nuclear Reader, pp. 58-76

Recommended:

• Weinberger, "The Role of Nuclear Weapons in Strategy" in Guttman & Thompson, eds., Ethics and Politics, pp. 25-28
• Barker, "The Immorality of Credible Nuclear Bluffs" Public Affairs Quarterly (July 1989), pp. 1-14
• Draper, Theodore "How Not to Think About Nuclear War," in Draper, Present History , pp. 1-33

The Ethics of Nuclear Deterrence (II)

Guerrilla Warfare and Terrorism

• Walzer, ch. 11, 12

Recommended:

• Herring, "Why the United States Failed in Vietnam"

Responses to Terrorism

Required:

• Walzer, ch. 13
• Arend, "Terrorism and the Just War Doctrine" (R)
• Other Readings TO BE ANNOUNCED

Recommended:

• Walzer, "Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses" and Fullinwider, "Understanding Terrorism" in Luper-Foy, ed., Problems of International Justice, pp. 237-259
• Burchael, "Framing a Moral Response to Terrorism" and Livingstone, "Proactive Responses to Terrorism" in Kegley, ed., International Terrorism, pp. 213-237

The "War on Terrorism"

Recommended:

• Beard, "America's New War on Terror: The Case for Self-Defense Under International Law" Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy