ANTHROPOLOGY 456: ANTHROPOLOGY OF TIME
|
SPRING 2004 |
M |
LOVEJOY 307 |
|
INSTRUCTOR: Jeffrey Anderson |
CONFERENCE HOURS: MWF |
|
|
OFFICE: Lovejoy 311 |
PROFESSIONAL PAGE: http://www.colby.edu/profile/jdanders/ANTH |
|
|
E-MAIL: jdanders@colby.edu |
PERSONAL PAGE: http://www.colby.edu/personal/jdanders |
|
|
PHONE: 872-3684 |
|
|
COURSE DESCRIPTION: An investigation of the manifold types and functions of "time" in human cultures, societies, histories, and languages, guided by concern with the ways time both organizes and is shaped by human thought, action, social relations, and communication. In diverse sociocultural contexts, the seminar will identify and explore relationships among multiple dimensions of time, including quotidian, clock-based, seasonal, calendric, narrative, life cyclical, genealogical, historical, and cosmic levels. Critically reviewed are the strands of anthropological and social scientific thought surrounding the issue of time. Informed by cross-cultural knowledge and a parallax of theory, the course probes the question of the relationship between time and humanness in both its particularity and generality.
REQUIRED TEXTS (available in the bookstore):
1. Chronotypes:
The Construction of Time. 1991. J. Bender & D. Wellberry,
eds. Stanford:
2. Hall, Edward T. 1983. The Dance of
Life: The Other Dimension of Time. Anchor Press: Garden City,
3. Gleick, James. 2000. Faster: The Acceleration
of Just About Everything.
4. Miller Reserve Readings (marked as *-)
5. On-Line
STUDENT
CONTRIBUTIONS:
1. Attendance and participation (includes
discussion leading) (20%)
2. Weekly reading critical responses (10
TOTAL DUE, 12 ACCEPTED) (40%)
3. Produce a critical essay on one major
text or topic in the course context (40%)
CLASS SCHEDULE:
WEEK 1 (2/9): EXPERIENCES OF TIME
Hall, Edward T. The Dance of Life: The
Other Dimension of Time (pp. 1-72)
WEEK 2 (2/16): EXPERIENCES OF TIME
Hall, Edward T. The Dance of Life: The
Other Dimension of Time (pp. 73-195)
WEEK 3 (2/23) ANTHROPOLOGY OF TIME
**Munn, N. 1992. The cultural anthropology of time: a critical essay. Annual Review of Anthropology. 21: 93-123. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00846570/di980531/98p01094/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078b7f6&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
Fabian, J. Of dogs alive, birds dead, and
time to tell a story. In Chronotypes: The
Construction of Time (pp. 185-204)
**Thomas R. Trautmann The Revolution in Ethnological Time. Man, New Series, Vol. 27, No. 2. (Jun., 1992), pp. 379-397. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00251496/dm993963/99p0996g/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078b7f6&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
WEEK 4 (3/1) CALENDARS/TIME RECKONING
**Malinowski,
B. Lunar and Seasonal Calendar in the Trobriands.
Journal of the Royal Anthropological
**Ohnuki-Tierney,
Emiko.
**Walsh, James P. Holy Time
and Sacred Space in Puritan
WEEK 5 (3/8) CLASSIC WORKS IN ANTHROPOLOGY
*Evans-Pritchard. 1939. Nuer
time reckoning.
*Whorf, B. 1941. The relation of habitual thought and
behavior in language. In Language, Culture, and Personality: Essays
in Memory of Edward Sapir. (pp. 75-93) Spier, L. et. al.
editors.
**Bloch, Maurice. The Past and the Present in the Present., Man, New Series, Vol. 12, No. 2. (Aug., 1977), pp. 278-292. http://www.jstor.org/view/00251496/dm993904/99p13242/0?currentResult=00251496%2bdm993904%2b99p13242%2b0%2c01%2b19770800%2b9995%2b80229199&searchID=8dd5533b.10443783330&frame=noframe&sortOrder=SCORE&userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd5533b0050b37841&dpi=3&viewContent=Article&config=jstor
WEEK 6 (3/15): TIME, WORK, & INDUSTRIALIZATION: MARX & WEBER
*Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (pp. 47-78; 155-183)
**Marx, Karl. Capital. Part III. The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value, Chapter Seven: The Labour-Process http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch07.htm#S2
WEEK 7 (3/29):
WORK & TIME-DISCIPLINE
*LeGoff, L. Merchant's Time and Church's Time in the Middle Ages, In Time Work and Culture in the Middle Ages (pp. 29-42)
*Thompson, E. P. 1967. Time, Work
Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism, Past and Present 38: 56-97.
**Smith , Mark M. Old South Time in Comparative Perspective The American Historical Review, Vol. 101, No. 5. (Dec., 1996), pp. 1432-1469. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00028762/di981920/98p02377/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/01cc993314005077d316&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
WEEK 8 (4/5): POWER, TIME, AND
MODERNITY
**Zerubavel, E. The Standardization of Time: A Sociohistorical Perspective. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 88, No. 1. (Jul., 1982), pp. 1-23. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00029602/dm992667/99p0043v/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078b7f6&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
*Giddens, A. 1987. Time and Social Organization. In Social Theory and Modern Sociology (pp.140-165).
**Harvey, David. Between Space and Time: Reflections on the Geographical Imagination. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 80, No. 3. (Sep., 1990), pp. 418-434. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00045608/di010496/01p0045p/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078e2bb&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
WEEK 9 (4/12): TIME & SOCIOECONOMIC
CHANGE
**Zerubavel, E. 1977. The French Republican Calendar: A Case Study in the Sociology of Time. American Sociological Review. 42: 868-877. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00031224/di974320/97p0458k/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078b7f6&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
**Heald, Suzette Tobacco, Time, and the Household Economy in Two Kenyan Societies: The Teso and the Kuria (in The Cultural Component of Economic Change). Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 33, No. 1. (Jan., 1991), pp. 130-157. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00104175/ap010129/01a00070/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/01cc9933140050787563&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
**Smith, Michael French Bloody Time and Bloody Scarcity: Capitalism, Authority, and the Transformation of Temporal Experience in a Papua New Guinea Village, American Ethnologist, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Aug., 1982), pp. 503-518.
**Burman, Rickie Time and Socioeconomic
Change on
**Smith, Michael French Bloody Time and Bloody Scarcity: Capitalism, Authority, and the Transformation of Temporal Experience in a Papua New Guinea Village, American Ethnologist, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Aug., 1982), pp. 503-518. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00940496/ap020035/02a00040/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd5533b0050ca28af&backcontext=page&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
*Philips, Susan U. Warm Springs 'Indian
Time': How the Regulation of Participation Affects the Progression of Events.
In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking (pp.92-109)
WEEK 10 (4/19): THE SOCIAL AND
CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF TIME
Bender, J. & Wellberry D. E. Introduction. In Chronotypes:
The Construction of Time (pp. 1-18)
Luckmann, T. The Constitution of Human Life
in Time. In Chronotypes: The
Construction of Time (pp. 151-166)
Goody, J. The Time of
Telling and the Telling of Time in Written and Oral Cultures. In Chronotypes: The Construction of Time (pp.
77-98)
Harevan, T. Synchronizing Individual Time, Family Time, and
Historical Time, In Chronotypes: The
Construction of Time (pp. 167-182)
Smith, J. Z. A Slip in Time Saves Nine:
Prestigious Origins Again. In Chronotypes:
The Construction of Time. Bender, J. & Wellbery,
D, eds. (pp. 67-76)
WEEK 11 (4/26): POSTMODERN TIME
ACCELERATION:
Gleick, James. 2000. Faster: The Acceleration
of Just About Everything.
WEEK 12 (5/3): NARRATIVE TIME
*Bakhtin, M. 1981.
Forms of Time and of the Chronotope
in the Novel. In The Dialogic Imagination, (pp. 84-110;243-258)
**Carlo Ginzburg. Making Things Strange: The Prehistory of a Literary Device Representations, No. 56, Special Issue: The New Erudition. (Autumn, 1996), pp. 8-28. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/07346018/dm990324/99p0337r/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/018dd55318005078b7f6&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
**Ochs, Elinor & Capps, Lisa. Narrating the Self. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 25. (1996), pp. 19-43. http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00846570/di980535/98p0200b/0.pdf?userID=8992c594@colby.edu/01cc993314005077d316&backcontext=results&config=jstor&dowhat=Acrobat&0.pdf
Van Fraasen, B.
Time in Physical and Narrative Structure In Chronotypes:
The Construction of Time (pp. 19-37)
Lacapra, D. The Temporality of Rhetoric.
In Chronotypes: The Construction of Time
(pp. 118-150)
PAPER DUE MAY 10
SEMESTER PAPER ASSIGNMENT
DUE:
Produce a well constructed, critical paper 15-20 pages in length and supported by at least seven sources from the course. The paper should offer an anthropologically informed examination of one of the following:
(a) a text (e.g. ethnography, novel, myth, document, etc.),
(b) a comparison of one level of time across cultures(e.g. microtime, quotidien, life cyclical, ritual time, seasonal, cosmological, historical, utopian, etc)
(c) a social scientific theory of time (e.g., Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Evans-Pritchard, Bourdieu, Whorf, etc.)
(d) the impact of a major revolutionary theory of time on anthropology (e.g., Darwinian evolution, Einsteinian relativity, Kantian space and time, etc.)
(e) a cultural or historic context of time (e.g. Nuer, Medieval Europe, Communist Chinese, Hopi, American suburbia, capitalist ideology, the Millennium, Hip Hop, etc.)
(f) a mode of domination or resistance through the use of time (e.g., labor-time, utopian history, revisionist history, 19th century evolutionary racism, prisons, slavery, revitalization movements, etc.)
The bibliography at the end of the course syllabus is offered as a guide to the literature. It is strongly recommended that the student discuss the paper thesis and outline in depth with the instructor by April 24.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aveni, A. 1989. Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures.
Bakhtin, M. 1981. Forms of time and of the
chronotope in the novel. In The
Dialogic Imagination.
Barnes, R. 1974. Kedang.
Beidelman, T. 1963. Kaguru time
reckoning: an aspect of the cosmology of an East African people. Southwest
Journal of Anthropology 19:9-20.
Beidelman, T. 1986. Persons and time.
In Moral Imagination in Kaguru
Modes of Thought, pp. 84-104.
Benjamin, W. 1969. Theses on the philosophy of
history. In Illuminations, pp. 253-264.
Bergman, W. 1992. The problem of time in sociology: an overview of the
literature on the state of theory and research on the "Sociology of
Time," 1900-82. Time & Society 1(1):81-134.
Bloch, M. 1977. The past
and the present in the present.
Bohannon, P. 1967. Concepts
of time among the Tiv. In Myth and Cosmos,
ed. J. Middleton, pp. 315-330.
Bourdieu, P. 1964. The attitude of the
Algerian peasant towards time. In Mediterranean
Countrymen, ed. J. Pitt-Rivers, pp. 55-72.
Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory
of Practice.
Bourdieu, P. 1979. (1963). The
disenchantment of the world. In
Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of
Practice.
Bull, W. 1971. Time,
Tense and the Verb.
Burman, R. 1981. Time and socioeconomic
change on
Chronotypes: The Construction of Time. 1991. Bender, J. & Wellbery,
D. eds.
Culture Through
Time: Anthropological Approaches, ed.
E. Ohnuki-Tierney. Stanford:
Cunnison,
Damon, F. 1982. Calendars and calendrical rites on the northern side of the kula ring.
Damon, F. 1990. Time and
values. In From Muyuw to the Trobriands: Transformations alongthe
Northern Side of the Kula Ring, pp. 16-53.
Davis, R. The northern
Thai calendar and its uses. Anthropos:
71:3-32
Deloria, V. 1994. God is Red: A Native View of Religion.
Golden,
Doob, L. Time: cultural and social anthropological
aspects. In Timing Space and Spacing Time, ed. T. Carlson, et. al.
Durkheim, E. 1915. The Elementary Forms of
Religious Life.
Durkheim, E. & M. Mauss. 1963. Primitive
Classification.
Eliade, M. 1954 (1949). Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal
Return.
Errington, F. 1974. Indigenous ideas of
order, time and transition in a
Errington, S. 1989. Forgetting genealogies.
In Meaning and Power in a Southeast Asian Realm, pp. 302-321.
Evans-Pritchard. 1939. Nuer time reckoning.
Evans-Pritchard. 1940. The Nuer.
Fabian, J. 1980. Time and the Other: How
Anthropology Makes its Object.
Feld, S. 1982. Sound and Sentiment:Birds, Weeping, Poetics and Song in Kaluli Experience.
Fortes, M. 1949. Time and social structure: an
Fortes, M. 1966. Introduction.
In The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups (pp.
1-13). ed. Jack Goody, pp. 1-14.
Fraser, J.T. 1981. The Voices of time : a cooperative survey of man's views of time as
expressed by the sciences and by the humanities.
Friedman, J. 1985. Our time, their time,
world time: the transformation of temporal modes. Ethnos
50(3-4):169-182.
Geertz, C. 1973. Person, time, and conduct in
Gell, A. 1975. The Metamorphosis of the
Cassowaries. London: Athlone Press.
Gell, A. 1992. The Anthropology of Time.
London: Berg.
Gellner E. 1978. Thought and change.
Giddens, A. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action,
Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: California
University Press.
Giddens, A. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the
Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Gossen, G. 1974. Chamulas
in the World of the Sun: Time and Space in a Maya Oral Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hallowell, A. 1955[1937]. Temporal Orientation in western
civilization and in a preliterate society. In Culture and Experience,
pp. 216-235. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.
Hanks, W. 1990. Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space
among the Maya. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Harkin, M. 1988. History, narrative, and temporality: examples from the
Northwest Coast. Ethnohistory. 35(2):99-130.
Harrison, S. 1982. Yams
and the symbolic representation of time in a
Harvey, D. 1989. The
Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell.
Heidegger, M. 1962. Being and Time.
London: Macmillan.
Herzfeld, M. 1991. A Place in History:
Social and Monumental Time in a Cretan Town. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Hill, J. ed. 1988. Rethinking History and Myth: Indigenous South
American Perspectives on the Past. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Hugh-Jones, C. 1979. From Milk River: Spatial and Temporal Processes
in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Husserl, E. 1966. The Phenomenology of Internal
Time Consciousness. Bloomington: Midland Books.
Kant, I. 1929. Critique
of Pure Reason. London: Macmillan.
Kern, S. 1983. The Culture of Time and
Space: 1880-1980. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kosellek, R. 1985. Futures Past: on the Semantics of
Historical Time. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What
Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. & M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason:
A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Landes, D. 1983. Revolutions in Time: Clocks and the
Making of the Modern World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Leach, E. 1961. Two essays concerning the symbolic
representation of time. In Rethinking Anthropology,
pp. 124-236. London: Athlone.
Le Goff, J. 1980. Time, Work, and Culture
in the Middle Ages, Chicago:
Levi-Strauss, C. 1966. The
Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Malinowski, B. 1927. Lunar and seasonal calendar in the
Malotki, E. 1983. Hopi Time: A Linguistic Analysis of the Temporal
Concepts in the Hopi Language. Amsterdam: Mouton.
Marx, K. Capital.
Mauss, M. 1990 [1950]. The Gift: the Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic
Societies. New York: Norton.
Mauss, Marcel. 1979. [1950]. Seasonal Variations of the
Eskimo: A Study in Social Morphology, trans. by J. J. Fox). London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of Perception.
London: Routledge & Kegan
Paul.
Munn, N. 1992. The cultural anthropology of time: a critical essay.
Annual Review of Anthropology. 21:93-123.
Munn, N. 1970. The Transformation of Subjects
into Objects in Walbiri and Pitjantjatjara
myth. In Australian Aboriginal Anthropology,
ed. R. Berndt, pp. 141-163. Nedlands:
University of Western Australia Press.
Munn, N. 1983. Kula: Spatiotemporal Control and the Symbolism of
Influence. In J. & L. Leach, eds. The Kula: New
Perspectives on Massim Exchange, pp. 277-308.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Munn, N. 1986. The Fame of Gawa: A
Symbolic Study of Value Transformation in a Massim
(Papua New Guinea) Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nguyen, D. 1992. The spatialization
of metric time: the conquest of land and labor in Europe and the United States.
Time & Society 1(1):29-50.
Nilsson, M. 1920. Primitive
Time-Reckoning. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.
Ohnuki-Tierney, E. 1973. Sakhalin Ainu time reckoning. Man
8(2):285-299.
O'Malley, M. 1990. Keeping
Watch: A History of American Time. New York: Penguin Books.
Ortiz, A. 1969. The Tewa World: Space,
Time, Being and Becoming in a Pueblo Society. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Panoff, M. 1969. The notion of time among
the Maenge people of
Peel, J. 1984. Making
history: the past in the Ijesha present. Man
19(1):111-132.
Philips, Susan U. 1989. Warm Springs 'Indian
Time': How the Regulation of Participation Affects the Progression of Events.
In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking . R. Bauman and J. Scherzer, eds. Cambridge University Press (pp.92-109)
Piaget, J. 1970. The
Child's Conception of Time. London: Routledge
Pina Cabral, J. de. 1987. Paved roads and enchanted Mooresses: the perception of the past among the peasant
populations of the Alto Minho. Man
22(4):715-735.
Pocock, D. 1967. The anthropology of time
reckoning. In Myth and Cosmos, ed. J. Middleton, pp. 303-314. New
York: Natural History Press.
Reason, D. 1979. Classification, Time and the
Organization of Production. In R. Ellen & D.
Reason, eds. Classifications in their Social Context, pp. 221-247.
Academic Press.
Ricouer, P. 1981. Narrative time.
In On Narrative, ed. W. Mitchell, pp. 165-86. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Ricouer, P. 1984,1985,1988. Time and Narrative. Vols. 1, 2,
& 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rosaldo, R. 1980. Ilongot
Headhunting:1883-1974. Stanford: Stanford
University Press.
Sahlins, M. 1985. Islands of History.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Schiefflin, E. 1976. The Sorrow of the Lonely and
the Burning of the Dancers. New York: St. Martins.
Schutz, A. 1962. The Problem of Social Reality.
The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Sorokin, P. 1943. Sociocultural
Space, Time, Causality. Durham: Duke University Press.
Tannenbaum, N. 1988. Shan calendrical systems:
the everyday use of esoteric knowledge. Mankind 18(1):14-25.
Tedlock, B. 1982. Time and the
Thompson, E. P. 1967. Time, work and
discipline in industrial capitalism. Past and Present
38:56-97.
Thornton, R. 1980. Space,
Time, and Culture among the Iraqw of
Traugott, E. 1978. On the expression of spatio-temporal relations in language. In Universals
of Human Language, ed. J. Greenberg, et. al. 3:370-99.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Trouillot, M.-R. 1995. Silencing the Past: Power and the
Production of History. Boston: Beacon
Turner, Terrence. 1977. Transformation,
hierarchy and transcendence: A reformulation of Van Gennep's
model of the structure of rites de passage. In Secular
Ritual,
Van Gennep, A.
1960. The Rites of Passage (trans. by M. B. Vizedom and G. L. Caffee).
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Weintraub, K. 1975. Autobiography and
historical consciousness. Critical Inquiry 1:4:821-848.
Whorf, B. 1956. Language, Thought and Reality,
ed. J. B. Carroll. New York: MIT/Wiley.
Whorf, B. 1941. The relation of habitual thought
and behavior in language. In Language, Culture, and Personality:
Essays in Memory of Edward Sapir. (pp. 75-93) Spier, L. et. al.
editors.
Zerubavel, E. 1981. Hidden Rhythms: Schedules
and Calendars in Social Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zerubavel, E. 1985. The Seven Day Cycle: The History and Meaning of
the Week. New York: The Free Press.