しか
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[Function][Meaning
& Location][Warning][Related
Expression]
しか always takes a negative
predicate and means "only," "noting but . . . .
※しか emphasizes
scarcity.
I. Behind a noun:
-
noun +
しか
+ negative-predicate
10ドルしかない。
I
only have ten dollars.
II. Behind a verb:
-
verb-dictionary form
+ しか + ない
じゃあ、もう自分で行くしか
ない。
Well, in that case, the only recourse is that I
go there myself.
※しか
always replaces は、が、を.
しか
never appears with も.
But it may follow other particles such as へ、に、で、から、の、まで、と.
ポートランドまでしか行きませんでした。We
didn't go beyond Portland.
-
While しか
emphasizes scarcity, だけ
objectively describes what is there. Go
to dake (だけ)
10ドルしかない。I
only have ten dollars.
10ドルだけある。I
have only ten dollars.
-
While しか
always takes a negative predicate,
だけ
may take a positive one.
ジムしか来なかった。Only
Jim came.
ジムだけ来た。Only
Jim came.
-
There is no "verb-dictionary
form + しか
+ -ない" form
for だけ。 ばかり
emphasizes / highlights something
positively. Go
to bakari (ばかり)
毎日本ばかり読んでいます。All she does
everyday is read books.
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[Definition] [Where
are particles located?] [List of Other
Particles]
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ゥTamae Prindle/Colby College