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| Founded in China by K'ung-Fu-tzu (Confucius) c. 551-479 BCE, author of the Analects. K'ung emphasized correct moral behavior, observance of rites and ceremonies, respect for the ancestors, and an honoring of tradition. As well as the Analects, Confucius is credited (probably wrongly) with the "Six Classics": Shi Ching, or classic of poetry; I Ching, or classic of changes; Shu Ching, or classic of history; Li Chi, or book of ritual; the Ch'un-ch'iu, or annals of spring and autumn; and the Yueh Ching, or classic of music (now lost). The six classics are a cornerstone of Chinese culture. Confucianism became the state religion of China from the 1st Century CE onwards and it has had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy, art, religion, and political ideology. Renewed in the Middle Ages, Neo-Confucianism arose to meet the challenges posed by Buddhism and Taoism, and its pragmatic ideals were influenced by the spiritual appeal of these movements. Medieval Confucianism develops the idea of li, dynamic principles underpinning all phenomena, which stem from T'ai Ch'i, the first principle or "Great Ultimate." Historically, Confucian ideas have had a profound impact on the governmental structure of China. | |
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| Confucian Tradition(s)
A brief listing of sites to introductory information of Confucianism, Confucius, etc. Accessible and well-presented website outlining the major ideas in Confucianism with links to other sites. Concise overview of Confucianism, with explanations of various important Chinese characters. Multilingual website which offers free copies of the Analects. |